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Работа посвящена изучению естественной эволюции изолированных дефектов межжелудочковой перегородки (ДМЖП) в постнатальном периоде у 44 детей в зависимости от размера и локализации дефекта, градиента давления, наличия открытых фетальных шунтов, а также пола ребенка и семейного анамнеза. У 17 (38,6%) детей произошло спонтанное закрытие ДМЖП в первые два года жизни. Не закрылись дефекты в 27 (61,4%) случаях, из них прооперировано 19 детей, у 7 детей дефекты остались открытыми, 1 ребенок умер (отказ семьи от операции). У девочек в 1,45 раза чаще наблюдалась мышечнотрабекулярная локализация ДМЖП (р = 0,06), а у мальчиков в 3,3 раза чаще перимембранозная локализация дефекта (р = 0,042). Постнатально значительно чаще происходило спонтанное закрытие мышечно0трабекулярных дефектов, которые закрылись почти в половине наблюдений (51,6%), в то время как перимембранозный – лишь в 1 случае (8,3%). Размер спонтанно закрывшихся ДМЖП был достоверно меньше по сравнению с прооперированными детьми (р 0,002). Чем меньше был размер ДМЖП, тем быстрее наступало закрытие дефекта. У детей с перимембранозной локализацией ДМЖП в родословной в 3 раза чаще встречаются родственники с ДМЖП по сравнению с детьми, имеющими мышечно-рабекулярную локализацию дефекта. При наличии в семье родственников І и ІІ степени родства, имеющих ДМЖП, снижается вероятность спонтанного закрытия дефекта перегородки у ребенка.
Ключевые слова:
эхокардиография, врожденный изолированный дефект межжелудочковой перегородки, перимембранозный дефект межжелудочковой перегородки, мышечный дефект межжелудочковой перегородки, спонтанное закрытие дефе
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The work is dedicated to study of natural evolution of isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) in post0 natal period in 44 children depending on the size and location of defect, pressure gradient, presence of open fetal shunts, as well as the infant’s sex and family history. 17 infants (38.6%) had a spontaneous closing of the defects during the first two years of their lives; VSD didn’t close in 27 (61.4%) cases, among which 19 infants were operated on; in 7 infants the defects remained open. In girls muscular0tra0 becular localization of VSD was observed in 1.45 times more often that in boys (p = 0.06); while in boys perimembranous location of the defect was present in 3.3 times more frequent than in girls (p = 0.042). Sufficiently more often was spontaneous closing of muscular0trabecular defects, which shut almost in the half of the observed cases (51.6%), while perimembranous VSD shut only in 1 case (8.3%). The size of the spontaneous closed VSD was surely less than that of the operated infants (p 0.002). The small0 er size of the VSD was the quicker closing of the defect took place. The infants with perimembranous localization of VSD in their family hosting 3 times more had relatives with VSD comparing with the infants who had muscular-trabecular localization of the defect. With presence of relatives of the I and II degree of relationship in the family who had VSD, the likelihood of spontaneous closing of the septal defect in the infant is decreased.
Keywords:
echocardiography, congenital isolated ventricular septal defect, perimembranous ventricular septal defect, muscular ventricular septal defect, spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect.