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Ультразвуковое исследование артериовенозной фистулы для гемодиализа

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Представлен иллюстрированный обзор литературы, посвященный ультразвуковому исследованию артериовенозной фистулы для гемодиализа у пациентов с терминальной почечной недостаточностью. Нативная артериовенозная фистула рассматривается в качестве “золотого стандарта” сосудистого доступа. Ультразвуковое исследование на сегодняшний день является методом визуализации первой линии на всех этапах ведения пациентов, получающих лечение гемодиализом. В статье освещена роль эхографии в предоперационной оценке при планировании формирования артериовенозной фистулы, оценке созревания сосудистого доступа, а также раннего выявления его дисфункции. Представлены основные осложнения артериовенозной фистулы и приведены примеры их диагностики с использованием ультразвукового метода.

Ключевые слова:
артериовенозная фистула, гемодиализ, сосудистый доступ, ультразвуковое исследование, arteriovenous fistula, hemodialysis, vascular access, ultrasound

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Ultrasound evaluation of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis

The article presents a pictorial literature review on ultrasound evaluation of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure. Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered the “gold standard” of vascular access. Nowadays ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality of management of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment at all stages. The article highlights the role of ultrasound in preoperative assessment when planning the AVF creation, assessing the maturation of vascular access, as well as early detection of its dysfunction. The main complications of arteriovenous fistulas are presented, and examples of their diagnosis using the ultrasound are given.

Keywords:
артериовенозная фистула, гемодиализ, сосудистый доступ, ультразвуковое исследование, arteriovenous fistula, hemodialysis, vascular access, ultrasound