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МЫ ПЕРЕЕХАЛИ! Новый адрес - ул.Покровка, д.41стр.2 |
Цель исследования: изучение динамики параметров ротации и скручивания левого желудочка (ЛЖ) при снижении продольной и циркулярной деформаций ЛЖ и выяснение возможной связи таких изменений с риском сердечно-сосудистых осложнений (ССО) по шкале GRACE 2.0 у больных с нестабильной стенокардией (НС) и инфарктом миокарда (ИМ) с сохраненной фракцией выброса (ФВ) ЛЖ.Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 320 пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом (НС, ИМ) с ФВ ЛЖ ?50%, разделенных на группы в зависимости от величины продольной и циркулярной деформаций: 1-я группа – отсутствие продольной и циркулярной дисфункций, 27 (8,5%) больных; 2-я группа – преобладающая продольная дисфункция global longitudinal strain (GLS) <16% при global circumferential strain (GCS) ?25%, 68 (21,2%) больных; 3-я группа – трансмуральная дисфункция (GLS <16% и GCS <25%), 225 (70,3%) больных. Эхокардиография выполнялась на ультразвуковом сканере Affiniti 70. В режиме двухмерного отслеживания пятен серой шкалы ультразвукового изображения определяли значения продольной (longitudinal strain, LS, %) и циркулярной деформаций (circumferential strain, CS, %), рассчитывали значения GLS и GCS, пики систолической базальной и апикальной ротации, значения скручивания и индекса скручивания ЛЖ. Дополнительно вычисляли индекс деформации (ИД). Всем больным проведена коронарография с вычислением индекса Gensini score, рассчитывался риск ССО на основании шкалы Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) версия 2.0.Результаты. Выявлено, что больные 3-й группы могут иметь начальные признаки сердечной недостаточности за счет более тяжелого коронарного поражения миокарда. Среднее значение GLS больных 3-й группы было меньше 12%, что является одним из критериев снижения сократительной способности миокарда ЛЖ, значимым независимым предиктором возникновения ССО и может послужить основанием для оптимизации терапии таких больных. Отличительным признаком больных 2-й группы, помимо начального снижения GLS, является существенное увеличение ИД, по которому можно оценить вклад в сократимость ЛЖ как отдельных показателей, так и их сочетания.Заключение. У больных с ИМ и НС и сохраненной ФВ ЛЖ начальное (13–16%) снижение продольной при сохраненной циркулярной деформации характеризуется повышенными значениями ротации/скручивания ЛЖ. Выявлена связь между снижением продольной деформации ЛЖ менее 12% и риском ССО. При значениях продольной деформации более 12% повышенный риск ССО может дополнительно уточнить комбинированный показатель на основе ротации/скручивания (ИД), диагностическое значение которого требует дальнейшего изучения.
Ключевые слова:
деформация левого желудочка, ротация левого желудочка, скручивание левого желудочка, инфаркт миокарда, нестабильная стенокардия, сердечно-сосудистый риск, strain of the left ventricle, rotation of the left ventricle, twisting of the left ventricle, myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, cardiovascular risk
Литература:
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The research purpose was to study the performance of left ventricular (LV) rotation and twist under the decrease in LV longitudinal and circumferential strains and to determine the possible association of such changes with the risk of cardiovascular complications according to the GRACE 2.0 scale in patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction with preserved ejection fraction of the left ventricle.Materials and Methods. The study included 320 patients with acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina and myocardial infarction) with preserved ejection fraction of the left ventricle ?50%. The patients were divided into groups depending on the magnitude of longitudinal and circumferential strains: the first group - absence of longitudinal and circumferential dysfunction, 27 patients (8,5%); the second group – predominant longitudinal dysfunction (global longitudinal strain (GLS)) <16% with global circumferential strain (GCS) ?25%, 68 patients (21,2%); the third group - transmural dysfunction (GLS <16% and GCS <25%), 225 patients (70,3%). Echocardiography was performed with the use of US scanner Affiniti 70. In 2D speckle-tracking mode the values of longitudinal (LS, %) and circumferential (CS, %) strains were assessed, the values of GLS and GCS, peaks of systolic basal and apical rotation, the values of LV twist and twist index were calculated. Additionally, the strain index was evaluated. All patients underwent coronary angiography with the calculation of the Gensini score; the risk of cardiovascular complications was calculated according to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scale version 2.0.Results. It was found out that patients in the 3rd group may have initial signs of heart failure due to more severe coronary myocardial damage. The medium value of GLS in patients of the third group was less than 12%, which is one of the criteria for reducing the contractility of the LV myocardium, a significant independent predictor of the occurrence of cardiovascular complications (CVC), and serves as a reason for therapy optimization in such patients. A distinctive feature of the patients in the second group, apart from the initial decrease in GLS, is a significant increase in the strain index, which can be used to evaluate the contribution of both individual indicators and their combination to LV contractility.Conclusion. In patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction with preserved ejection fraction, the initial decrease (13–16%) of the left ventricle longitudinal strain with preserved circumferential strain was characterized by increased values of LV rotation and twist. A relationship between a decrease in LV longitudinal strain of less than 12% and the risk of CVC was found. In values of longitudinal strain more than 12%, the increased risk of CVC may be further refined by the combined index based on rotation/twist (strain index), the diagnostic value of which requires further investigation.
Keywords:
деформация левого желудочка, ротация левого желудочка, скручивание левого желудочка, инфаркт миокарда, нестабильная стенокардия, сердечно-сосудистый риск, strain of the left ventricle, rotation of the left ventricle, twisting of the left ventricle, myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, cardiovascular risk