Медицинская литература. Новинки

 

 

 

 

 

 

Проект российских клинических рекомендаций по диагностике и лечению адренокортикального рака

Вы можете загрузить полный текст статьи в формате pdf

Определение гормональной активности и злокачественного потенциала - актуальнейший вопрос диагностики и выбора лечебной тактики при опухолях надпочечников. Адренокортикальный рак (АКР) - достаточно редкое заболевание, которое характеризуется плохими прогностическими показателями. Встречаемость АКР - 0,5-2 случая на миллион населения, в структуре инциденталом надпочечников - не более чем 2-4% наблюдений. Для широкого обсуждения предлагается проект клинических рекомендаций по диагностике и лечению АКР, предназначенных для онкологов, хирургов, эндокринологов, специалистов по лучевой диагностике, патоморфологов и др.

Ключевые слова:
adrenal tumors, adrenal cortical cancer, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, hypercortysolism, mitotane, опухоли надпочечника, адренокортикальный рак, рак коры надпочечника, феохромоцитома, параганглиома, гиперкортицизм, митотан

Литература:
1.Berruti A, Baudin E, Gelderblom H et al. Adrenal cancer: ESMO (European Society for Medical Oncology) Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Ann Oncol. 2012;23:131-138.
2.NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Neuroendocrine tumor, Version 1.2014.
3.Schteingart DE, Doherty GM, Gauger PG et al. Management of patients with adrenal cancer: recommendations of an international consensus conference. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005;12:667.
4.Langer P, Cupisti K, Bartsch DK et al. Adrenal involvement in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. World J Surg. 2002; 26:891-896.
5.Gicquel C, Le Bouc Y. Molecular markers for malignancy in adrenocortical tumors. Horm Res. 1997;47:269-272.
6.Бельцевич ДГ, Кузнецов НС, Солдатова ТВ, Ванушко ВЭ. Инциденталома надпочечников. Эндокринная хирургия. 2009;(1):19-26. doi: 10.14341/2306-3513-2009-1-19-23
7.Bovio S, Cataldi A, Reimondo G et al. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29:298-302.
8.Young W.F. Jr. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:601-610.
9.Cawood TJ, Hunt PJ, O’Shea D et al. Recommended evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas is costly, has high false-positive rates and confers a risk of fatal cancer that is similar to the risk of the adrenal lesion becoming malignant; time for a rethink? Literature review. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;161: 513-527.
10.Libe R, Dall’Asta C, Barbetta L et al. Long-term follow-up study of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;147:489-494.
11.Terzolo M, Reimondo G, Bovio S, Angeli A. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome. Pituitary. 2004;7:217-223.
12.Kirkby-Bott J, Brunaud L, Mathonet M et al. Ectopic hormone-secreting pheochromocytoma: a francophone observational study. World J Surg. 2012;36(6):1382-1388.
13.Li XG, Zhang DX, Li X et al. Adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pheochromocytoma: a case report and review of the literature. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012;125(6):1193-1196.
14.Cohade C, Broussaud S, Louiset E et al. Ectopic Cushing''s syndrome due to a pheochromocytoma: a new case in the postpartum and review of literature. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009;25(9):624-627.
15.Gardet V, Gatta B, Simonnet G et al. Lessons from an unpleasant surprise: a biochemical strategy for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. J Hypertens. 2001;19:1029-1035.
16.Nieman LK, Biller BMK, Findling JW et al. The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocr & Met. 2008;93(5):1526-1540.
17.Newell-Price J, Trainer P, Besser M, Grossman A. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome and pseudo-Cushing''s states. Endocr Rev. 1998;19:647-672.
18.Pecori Giraldi F, Ambrogio AG, De Martin M et al. Specificity of first-line tests for the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome: assessment in a large series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:4123-4129.
19.Tsagarakis S, Vassiliadi D, Thalassinos N. Endogenous subclinical hypercortisolism: diagnostic uncertainties and clinical implications. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29:471-482.
20.Mitchell IC, Auchus RJ, Juneja K et al. “Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome” is not subclinical: improvement after adrenalectomy in 9 patients. Surgery. 2007;142:900-905.
21.Barzon L, Fallo F, Sonino N, Boscaro M. Development of overt Cushing’s syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;146:61-66.
22.Reincke M. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2000;29:43-56.
23.Pacak K. Preoperative management of the pheochromocytoma patient. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4069-4079.
24.Williams DT, Dann S, Wheeler MH. Phaeochromocytoma - views on current management. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2003;29: 483-490.
25.Kinney MA, Narr BJ, Warner MA et al. Perioperative management of pheochromocytoma. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2002;16:359-369.
26.Pacak K, Linehan WM, Eisenhofer G et al. Recent advances in genetics, diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pheochromocytoma. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:315-329.
27.Дедов ИИ, Бельцевич ДГ, Кузнецов НС, Мельниченко ГА. Феохромоцитома. М.: Практическая медицина, 2005; 47-70.
28.An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines. Case detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(9):3266-3281.
29.Трошина ЕА, Бельцевич ДГ, Молашенко НВ. Диагностика и дифференциальная диагностика первичного гиперальдостеронизма. Клиническая медицина. 2009;5:15-20.
30.Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G et al. A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(2):637-644.
31.Angeli A, Osella G, Ali A, Terzolo M. Adrenal incidentaloma: an overview of clinical and epidemiological data from the National Italian Study Group. Horm Res. 1997;47:279-283.
32.Metser U, Miller E, Lerman H et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Evaluation of Adrenal Masses. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(1): 32-37.
33.Blake M, Prakash P, Cronin C. PET/CT for adrenal assessment. Am J Roentgenology. 2010;195(2):195.
34.Mackie GC, Shulkin BL, Ribeiro RC et al. Use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in evaluating locally recurrent and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2665.
35.Leboulleux S, Dromain C, Bonniaud G et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in adrenocortical carcinoma: a prospective comparison with computed tomography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:920.
36.Deandreis D, Leboulleux S, Caramella C et al. FDG PET in the management of patients with adrenal masses and adrenocortical carcinoma. Horm Cancer. 2011;2:354.
37.Harisinghani MG, Maher MM, Hahn PF et al. Predictive value of benign percutaneous adrenal biopsies in oncology patients. Clin Radiol. 2002;57:898-901.
38.Arellano RS, Harisinghani MG, Gervais DA et al. Image guided percutaneous biopsy of the adrenal gland: review of indications, technique, and complications. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2003;32:3-10.
39.Welch TJ, Sheedy PF II, Stephens DH et al. Percutaneous adrenal biopsy: review of a 10-year experience. Radiology. 1994;193:341-344.
40.Casola G, Nicolet V, van Sonnenberg E et al. Unsuspected pheochromocytoma: risk of blood-pressure alterations during percutaneous adrenal biopsy. Radiology. 1986;159:733-735.
41.McCorkell SJ, Niles NL. Fine-needle aspiration of catecholamine-producing adrenal masses: a possibly fatal mistake. Am J Roentgenol. 1985;145:113-114.
42.Pacak K, Eisenhofer G, Ahlman H et al. Pheochromocytoma: recommendations for clinical practice from the First International Symposium. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007;3:92-102.
43.Saeger W, Fassnacht M, Chita R. High diagnostic accuracy of adrenal Core Biopsy: Results of the German and Austrian adrenal network multicenter trial in 220 consecutive patients. Human pathology. 2003;34(2):180-186.
44.Dackiw AP, Lee JE, Gagel RF, Evans DB. Adrenal cortical carcinoma. World J Surg. 2001;25:914-926.
45.Ng L, Libertino JM. Adrenocortical carcinoma: diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. J Urol. 2003;169:5-11.
46.Miller BS, Gauger PG, Hammer GD et al. Proposal for modification of the ENSAT staging system for adrenocortical carcinoma using tumor grade. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2010; 395:955.
47.Fassnacht M, Johanssen S, Quinkler M et al. Limited prognostic value of the 2004 International Union Against Cancer staging classification for adrenocortical carcinoma: proposal for a Revised TNM Classification. Cancer. 2009;115:243.
48.Wangberg B, Khorram-Manesh A, Jansson S et al. The long-term survival in adrenocortical carcinoma with active surgical management and use of monitored mitotane. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2010;17:265.
49.Allolio B, Fassnacht M. Clinical review: Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91: 2027.
50.Филимонюк АВ, Харченко НВ, Леонов БИ и др. Непосредственные и отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения больных адренокортикальным раком. Вестник новых медицинских технологий (электронное издание). 2013;1.
51.Reibetanz J, Jurowich C, Erdogan I et al. Impact of lymphadenectomy on the oncologic outcome of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2012;255:363.
52.Gaujoux S, Brennan MF. Recommendation for standardized surgical management of primary adrenocortical carcinoma. Surgery. 2012;152(1):123-132.
53.Porpiglia F, Miller BS, Manfredi M et al. A debate on laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for adrenocortical carcinoma. Horm Cancer. 2011;2:372.
54.Brix D, Allolio B, Fenske W et al. Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for adrenocortical carcinoma: surgical and oncologic outcome in 152 patients. Eur Urol. 2010;58:60-9.
55.Donatini G, Caiazzo R, Do Cao Ch et al. Long-term survival after adrenalectomy for stage I/II adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC): A retrospective comparative cohort study of laparoscopic versus open approach. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21: 284-291.
56.McCauley LR, Nguyen MM. Laparoscopic radical adrenalectomy for cancer: long-term outcomes. Curr Opin Urol. 2008;18:134.
57.Gonzalez RJ, Shapiro S, Sarlis N et al. Laparoscopic resection of adrenal cortical carcinoma: a cautionary note. Surgery. 2005;138(6):1078.
58.Miller BS, Gauger PG, Hammer GD, Doherty GM. Resection of adrenocortical carcinoma is less complete and local recurrence occurs sooner and more often after laparoscopic adrenalectomy than after open adrenalectomy. Surgery. 2012;152:1150-1157.
59.Leboulleux S, Deandreis D, Al Ghuzlan A et al. Adrenocortical carcinoma: is the surgical approach a risk factor of peritoneal сarcinomatosis? Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162:1147-1153.
60.Schulick RD, Brennan MF. Long-term survival after complete resection and repeat resection in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 1999;6(8):719-726.
61.Icard P, Chapuis Y, Andreassian B et al. Adrenocortical carcinoma in surgically treated patients: a retrospective study on cases by the French Association of Endocrine Surgery. Surgery. 1992;112(6):972-979.
62.Bellantone R, Ferrante A, Boscherini M et al. Role of reoperation in recurrence of adrenal cortical carcinoma: results from
63.cases collected in the Italian National Registry for Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma. Surgery. 1997;122:1212-1218.
64.Porpiglia F, Fiori C, Scarpa RM et al. The role of surgery in the management of recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma: results of a retrospective study. Eur Urol Suppl. 2009;8(4):305.
65.Weiss LM. Comparative histologic study of 43 metastasizing and nonmetastasizing adrenocortical tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8(3):163-169.
66.Lau SK, Weiss LM. The Weiss system for evaluating adrenocortical neoplasms: 25 years later. Hum Pathol. 2009;40(6): 757-768.
67.van Slooten H, Schaberg A, Smeenk D, Moolenar AJ. Morphologic characteristics of benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors. Cancer. 1985;55(4):766-773.
68.Blanes A, Diaz-Cano SJ. Histologic criteria for adrenocortical proliferative lesions: value of mitotic figure variability. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127(3):398-408.
69.Филиппова ОВ, Хмельницкая НМ. Адренокортикальный рак: клинические проявления и морфологическая диагностика. Медицинский альманах. 2011;5:113-116.
70.Hahner S, Fassnacht M. Mitotane for adrenocortical carcinoma treatment. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2005;6:386-394.
71.Schteingart DE. Conventional and novel strategies in the treatment of adrenocortical cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2000;33:1197-1200.
72.Hague RV, May W, Cullen DR. Hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and adrenal crisis due to o,p_DDD therapy for metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1989;31:51-57.
73.Dickstein G. Is there a role of low dose of mitotane as adjuvant therapy in adrenocortical carcinoma? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:1488-1489.
74.Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Guinee VF, Klein MJ et al. Impact of adjuvant mitotane on the clinical course of patients with adrenocortical cancer. Cancer. 1993;71:3119-3123.
75.Terzolo M, Angeli A, Fassnacht M. Adjuvant mitotane treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356(23):2372.
76.Clinical trials gov. identifier NCT00777244, start 2008, update 2013.
77.Lubitz JA, Freeman L, Okun R. Mitotane use in inoperable adrenalcortical carcinoma. JAMA. 1973;223:1109-1112.
78.van Slooten H, Moolenaar AJ, van Seters AP, Smeenk D. The treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma with o,p_DDD: prognostic implications of serum level monitoring. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1984;20:47-53.
79.Haak HR, Hermans J, van de Velde CJ et al. Optimal treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma with mitotane: results in a consecutive series of 96 patients. Br J Cancer. 1994;69: 947-951.
80.Baudin E, Pellegriti G, Bonnay M et al. Impact of monitoring plasma 1,1-dichlorodiphenildichloroethane (o,p_DDD) levels on the treatment of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;92:1385-1392.
81.Heilmann P, Wagner P, Nawroth PP, Ziegler R. Therapy of the adrenocortical carcinoma with Lysodren (o,p’-DDD). Therapeutic management by monitoring o,p-DDD blood levels. Med Klin. 2001;96:371-377.
82.Becker D, Schumacher OP. o,p’DDD therapy in invasive adrenocortical carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1975;82:677-679.
83.Boven E, Vermorken JB, van Slooten H, Pinedo HM. Complete response of metastasized adrenal cortical carcinoma with o,p_-DDD. Case report and literature review. Cancer. 1984;53:26-29.
84.Krzisnik C, Petric G, Jereb B. Complete response of metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma to o,p_-DDD in a child. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1988;5:65-69.
85.Lim MC, Tan YO, Chong PY, Cheah JS. Treatment of adrenal cortical carcinoma with mitotane: outcome and complications. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1990.
86.Decker RA, Kuehner ME. Adrenocortical carcinoma. Am Surg. 1991;57:502-513.
87.Remond S, Bardet S, Charbonnel B. Complete and lasting remission of a metastatic malignant adrenocortical carci- noma under treatment with OP-_DDD alone. Presse Med. 1992;21:865.
88.Ilias I, Alevizaki M, Philippou G et al. Sustained remission of metastatic adrenal carcinoma during long-term administration of low-dose mitotane. J Endocrinol Invest. 2001;24: 532-535.
89.Allolio B, Hahner S, Weismann D, Fassnacht M. Management of adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004; 60:273-287.
90.Fassnacht M, Libe R, Kroiss M, Allolio B. Adrenocortical carcinoma: a clinician''s update. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7: 323.
91.Cordon-Cardo C, O''Brien JP, Boccia J et al. Expression of the multidrug resistance gene product (P-glycoprotein) in human normal and tumor tissues. J Histochem Cytochem. 1990; 38:1277-1287.
92.Flynn SD, Murren JR, Kirby WM et al. P-glycoprotein expression and multidrug resistance in adrenocortical carcinoma. Surgery. 1992;112:981-986.
93.Goldstein LJ, Galski H, Fojo A et al. Expression of a multidrug resistance gene in human cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989;81:116-124.
94.Fridborg H, Larsson R, Juhlin C et al. P-glycoprotein expression and activity of resistance modifying agents in primary cultures of human renal and adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 1994;14:1009-1016.
95.Haak HR, van Seters AP, Moolenaar AJ, Fleuren GJ. Expression of P-glycoprotein in relation to clinical manifesta- tion, treatment and prognosis of adrenocortical cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1993;29A:1036-1038.
96.Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, Allolio B et al. Combination chemotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma. FIRMACT Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(23):2189.
97.Fassnacht M, Kroiss M, Allolio B. Update in adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(12):4551-4564.
98.Icard P, Goudet P, Charpenay C. Adrenocortical carcinomas: surgical trends and results of a 253-patient series from the French Association of Endocrine Surgeons Study Group. World J Surg. 2001;25:891-897.
99.Crucitti F, Bellantone R, Ferrante A et al. The Italian Registry for Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: analysis of a multiinstitutional. series of 129 patients. The ACC Italian Registry Study Group. Surgery. 1996;119:161-170.
100.Pommier RF, Brennan MF. An eleven-year experience with adrenocortical carcinoma. Surgery. 1992;112:963-970; discussion 970-971.
101.Soreide JA, Brabrand K, Thoresen SO. Adrenal cortical carcinoma in Norway, 1970-1984. World J Surg. 1992;16:663- 667; discussion 668.
102.Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Schultz PN. Adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical outcome at the end of the 20th century. Cancer. 2001;92:1113-1121.

Draft of Russian Guidelines of Diagnosis and Treatment of Adrenal Cortical Cancer

Statement of hormonal activity and potential malignancy are the most important issues of diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment way for patients with adrenal tumors. Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare disease with poor prognosis. Incidience of ACC is about 0.5-2 per million, and no more then 2-4% among adrenal tumors. This draft of guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of ACC is offered to common discussion among wide round of specialists.

Keywords:
adrenal tumors, adrenal cortical cancer, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, hypercortysolism, mitotane, опухоли надпочечника, адренокортикальный рак, рак коры надпочечника, феохромоцитома, параганглиома, гиперкортицизм, митотан