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Рентгенодиагностика диффузных и диссеминированных заболеваний легких

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Литература:

X-ray Diagnostics of Diffuse and Disseminated Lung Diseases

The article presents a review of some lung diseases (sarcoidosis, idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis, histiocytosis, exogenous allergic alveolitis, alveolar proteinosis), combined in one group by virtue of definite resemblance of their X-ray and morphological appearance, which exhibits granulomatous changes, a pneumosclerosis and obliteration of the alveoli. A commonness of morphological changes at these diseases can be explained by a stereotype of biological response to various etiological factors. Rates of development of each of the diseases vary over a wide range from acute up to chronic. However ultimately patients perish from a cardiopulmonary decompensation. A leading clinical symptom of all of the diseases reviewed in article is a respiratory decompensation. There’s much common in the X-ray appearance of given diseases. The most common X-ray patterns are a diffuse cellular-linear fibrosis, a slight opacity, resembling ground glass, bullous emphysema, and pulmonary transformation such as “honeycomb lung”. Differential diagnostics of the described diseases is rather difficult. Nevertheless, despite of a definite similarity of morphological changes and the X-ray patterns, a precise nosological diagnostics is possible in the most of cases provided of the complex of clinical, laboratory and X-ray data. At the same time, despite of the use of the advanced modalities of visualization such as a computed tomography, in some cases the precise nosological diagnosis is possible only after a morphological examination.

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