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Autoimmune pancreatitis is the new clinical category, described by a fixed histological pattern, laboratory changes and an opportunity of a nonsurgical treatment. Despite of a development of diagnostic criteria of an autoimmune pancreatitis, there is an unsolved problem of a preoperative differential diagnostics between local forms of the disease and a cancer of a pancreas. The clinical observations submitted in the article show an urgency of the problem: in both cases patients were subjected to operation due to impossibility to exclude tumor of a pancreas. In one case the pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed, in the other the biliary-enteric anastomosis was executed. In both cases the patients' state was normalized, and in the latter case a spontaneous reduction of pathological changes in the pancreas was marked on the CT. These clinical observations and the literary data testify a necessity of perfection of the abilities of diagnostic imaging of local forms of the autoimmune pancreatitis in connection with efficacy of steroid therapy of this disease and an opportunity to avoid excess surgical treatment.
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