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1.Cardiac screening examination of the fetus: guidelines for performing the ’basic’ and ’extended basic’ cardiac scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006; 27: 107-113.
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41.DeVore G.R. The aortic and pulmonary outlow tract screening examination in the human fetus. J Ultrasound Med 1992; 11: 345-348.
42.Achiron R., Glaser J., Gelernter I., Hegesh J., Yagel S. Extended fetal echocardiographic examination for detecting cardiac malformations in low risk pregnancies. BMJ 1992; 304: 671-674.
43.Achiron R., Rotstein Z., Heggesh J., Bronshtein M., Zimand S., Lipitz S., Yagel S. Anomalies of the fetal aortic arch: a novel sonographic approach to inutero diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 553-557.
44.Yoo S.J., Min J.Y., Lee Y.H., Roman K., Jaeggi E., Smallhorn J. Fetal sonographic diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22: 535-546.
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47.Di Salvo D.N., Brown D.L., Doubilet P.M., Benson C.B., Frates M.C. Clinical signiicance of isolated fetal pericardial effusion. J Ultrasound Med 1994; 13: 291-293.
48.Yoo S.J., Min J.Y., Lee Y.H. Normal pericardial fluid in the fetus: color and spectral Doppler analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 18: 248-252.
49.Comstock C.H. Normal fetal heart axis and position. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 255-259.
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51.ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 106: Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring: nomenclature, interpretation, and general management principles. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114: 192-202.
52.Copel J.A., Liang R.I., Demasio K., Ozeren S., Kleinman C.S. The clinical signiicance of the irregular fetal heart rhythm. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 813-817.
53.Simpson J.L., Yates R.W., Sharland G.K. Irregular heart rate in the fetus: not always benign. Cardiol Young 1996; 6: 28-31.
54.Cuneo B.F., Strasburger J.F., Wakai R.T., Ovadia M. Conduction system disease in fetuses evaluated for irregular cardiac rhythm. Fetal Diagn Ther 2006; 21:307-313.
55.Srinivasan S., Strasburger J. Overview of fetal arrhythmias. Curr Opin Pediatr 2008; 20: 522-531.
56.Kirk J.S., Comstock C.H., Lee W., Smith R.S., Riggs T.W., Weinhouse E. Fetal cardiac asymmetry: a marker for congenital heart disease. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93:189-192.
57.Sharland G.K., Chan K.Y., Allan L.D. Coarctation of the aorta: difficulties in prenatal diagnosis. Br Heart J 1994; 71: 70-75.
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59.Paladini D., Palmieri S., Lamberti A., Teodoro A., Martinelli P., Nappi C. Characterization and natural history of ventricular septal defects in the fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000; 16: 118-122.
60.Axt-Fliedner R., Schwarze A., Smrcek J., Germer U., Krapp M., Gembruch U. Isolated ventricular septal defects detected by color Doppler imaging: evolution during fetal and first year of postnatal life. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006; 27: 266-273.
61.Vettraino I.M., Lee W., Bronsteen R.A., Comstock C.H. Sonographic evaluation of the ventricular cardiac outlow tracts. J Ultrasound Med 2005; 24: 566.
62.Bromley B., Estroff J.A., Sanders S.P., Parad R., Roberts D., Frigoletto F.D., Jr., Benacerraf BR. Fetal echocardiography: accuracy and limitations in a population at high and low risk for heart defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1473-1481.
63.Stumplen I., Stumplen A., Wimmer M., Bernaschek G. Effect of detailed fetal echocardiography as part of routine prenatal ultrasonographic screening on detection of congenital heart disease. Lancet 1996; 348: 854-857.
64.Yoo S.J., Lee Y.H., Kim E.S., Ryu H.M., Kim M.Y., Choi H.K., Cho K.S., Kim A. Three-vessel view of the fetal upper mediastinum: an easy means of detecting abnormalities of the ventricular outlow tracts and great arteries during obstetric screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997; 9: 173-182.
65.Yoo S.J., Lee Y.H., Cho K.S. Abnormal three-vessel view on sonography: a clue to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in the fetus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172: 825-830.
66.Vinals F., Heredia F., Giuliano A. The role of the three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in the diagnosis of congenital heart defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22: 358-367.
67.Yagel S., Arbel R., Anteby E.Y., Raveh D., Achiron R. The three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in fetal cardiac scanning. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 340-345.
68.Tongsong T., Tongprasert F., Srisupundit K., Luewan S. The complete three-vessel view in prenatal detection of congenital heart defects. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30: 23-29.
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70.Yagel S., Cohen S.M., Achiron R. Examination of the fetal heart by ive short-axis views: a proposed screening method for comprehensive cardiac evaluation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 17: 367-369.
71.Chaoui R., McEwing R. Three cross-sectional planes for fetal color Doppler echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 21: 81-93.
72.Paladini D. Sonography in obese and overweight pregnant women: clinical, medicolegal and technical issues. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33: 720-729.
73.Nadel A.S. Addition of color Doppler to the routine obstetric sonographic survey aids in the detection of pulmonic stenosis. Fetal Diagn Ther 2010; 28: 175-179.
74.Small M., Copel J.A. Indications for fetal echocardiography. Pediatr Cardiol 2004; 25: 210-222.
75.Hyett J., Moscoso G., Papapanagiotou G., Perdu M., Nicolaides K.H. Abnormalities of the heart and great arteries in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness at 11-13 weeks ofgestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996; 7: 245-250.
76.Hyett J.A., Perdu M., Sharland G.K., Snijders R.S., Nicolaides K.H. Increased nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks ofgestation as a marker for major cardiac defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997; 10: 242-246.
77.Mavrides E., Cobian-Sanchez F., Tekay A., Moscoso G., Campbell S., Thilaganathan B., Carvalho J.S. Limitations of using first-trimester nuchal translucency measurement in routine screening for major congenital heart defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;17:106-110.
78.Ghi T., Huggon I.C., Zosmer N., Nicolaides K.H. Incidence of major structural cardiac defects associated with increased nuchal translucency but normal karyotype. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 18: 610-614.
79.Paladini D., Volpe P., Sglavo G., Vassallo M., De Robertis V., Marasini M., Russo M.G. Transposition of the great arteries in the fetus: assessment of the spatial relationships of the arterial trunks by fourdimensional echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 271-276.
80.Volpe P., Campobasso G., De Robertis V., Di Paolo S., Caruso G., Stanziano A. Volpe N., Gentile M. Two- and four-dimensional echocardiography with B-flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation in prenatal diagnosis of isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007; 30: 830-837.
81.Volpe P., Tuo G., De Robertis V., Campobasso G., Marasini M., Tempesta A., Gentile M., Rembouskos G. Fetal interrupted aortic arch: 2D-4D echocardiography, associations and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 35: 302-309.
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