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вce журналы << Клиническая и экспериментальная тиреоидология << 2014 год << №1 <<
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Дефицит йода, формирование и развитие организма

Свиридонова М.А.
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Свиридонова М.А. - канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отделения терапии с группой патологии метаболизма и ожирения ФГБУ ЭНЦ., ФГБУ “Эндокринологический научный центр'''' Министерства здравоохранения России, Москва, maska119@rambler.ru,

Йод относится к жизненно важным микроэлементам, без которых невозможно нормальное формирование и функционирование человеческого организма. Дефицит йода - глобальная проблема: по различным оценкам, около 2 миллиардов людей во всем мире страдают от недостаточного потребления йода. Несмотря на то что зоб является наиболее визуально заметным проявлением йододефицита, к самым значимым его последствиям относятся нарушения развития центральной нервной системы, особенно в раннем детском возрасте. Кроме того, на фоне умеренного и тяжелого дефицита йода повышается риск спонтанного прерывания беременности, низкой массы тела новорожденных, младенческой смертности. У детей, внутриутробно пострадавших от дефицита йода, повышен риск нарушений умственного развития, крайней степенью которых является кретинизм. Кроме того, умеренный и тяжелый йододефицит в детском возрасте отрицательно сказывается на физическом развитии. Восполнение йододефицита оказывает благоприятное влияние на процессы формирования и развития организма. При этом йодная профилактика является чрезвычайно эффективным подходом к снижению неблагоприятных последствий дефицита йода в любом возрасте.

Ключевые слова:
iodine deficiency, cognitive development, cretinism, growth, дефицит йода, умственное развитие, кретинизм, физическое развитие

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Iodine Deficiency and Human Development

Sviridonova M.A.

Iodine is а vital microelements that are essential for the normal human development and functions. Iodine deficiency is a global problem: about 2 billion individuals worldwide suffer from a lack of iodine. Despite goiter is the most visually noticeable manifestation of iodine deficiency, the most significant consequence of the iodine deficiency is impaired neurodevelopment, particularly early in life. Moreover, moderate to severe iodine deficiency increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and infant mortality. Babies in utero affected by iodine deficiency are at increased risk of mental developmental disorders, cretinism is their extreme degree. In addition, moderate to severe iodine deficiency in childhood negatively affects somatic growth. Iodine deficiency compensation improves cognitive and motor function in children. Iodine prophylaxis of deficient populations is an extremely effective approach to reduce the substantial adverse effects of iodine deficiency throughout the life cycle.

Keywords:
iodine deficiency, cognitive development, cretinism, growth, дефицит йода, умственное развитие, кретинизм, физическое развитие

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