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Диабетическая нейроостеоартропатия: современные подходы к диагностике и определению сроков иммобилизации (обзор)

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Диабетическая нейроостеоартропатия - осложнение сахарного диабета, ассоциированное с высокой частотой ампутаций и уровнем смертности. Благодаря развитию методов диагностики сегодня стало возможным выявление диабетической нейроостеоартропатии на ранней рентген-негативной стадии. Лечение на данном этапе способно предотвратить развитие выраженной деструкции костного скелета стопы и формирование серьезных деформаций. Однако не существует единого подхода к диагностике рентген-негативной стадии диабетической нейроостеоартропатии. Также остается спорным вопрос о сроках иммобилизации пораженной конечности и методах определения завершения острой стадии диабетической нейроостеоартропатии. Данный обзор посвящен современному состоянию знаний о диагностике, классификации и критериях завершения активной стадии диабетической нейроостеоартропатии.

Ключевые слова:
сахарный диабет, стопа Шарко, ранняя диагностика, МРТ, diabetes mellitus, Charcot joint, early diagnosis, MRI

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Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy: the modern approaches for diagnosis and immobilization period determination (review)

Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy is complication of diabetes associated with high rates of amputations and mortality. The development of diagnostic methods may identify diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy at early X-ray negative stage before the development of radiographic changes. Treatment at this stage can prevent the development of progressive bone and joint deterioration. However, there is no unified approach to diagnose of X-ray negative stage. The timing of immobilization of the affected limb is still controversial among experts, and where is no objective methods for determining the completion of the acute stage of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge about the diagnosis, classification and criteria for completion of the active phase of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy.

Keywords:
сахарный диабет, стопа Шарко, ранняя диагностика, МРТ, diabetes mellitus, Charcot joint, early diagnosis, MRI