Медицинская литература. Новинки

 

 

 

 

 

 

Перспективы применения двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии в диагностике мочекаменной болезни и определении химического состава мочевых камней (обзор литературы)

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Мочекаменная болезнь - пандемически распространенное заболевание, встречающееся у 4-20% мирового населения и характеризующееся высоким уровнем рецидивов. К настоящему моменту “золотым стандартом” диагностики уролитиаза является бесконтрастная компьютерная томография, имеющая высокую эффективность в диагностики наличия, локализации и размера камней, однако обладающую меньшей эффективностью в определении фенотипических характеристик уролитов. Активно развивающийся в последнее время метод двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии, заключающийся в проведении сканирования на двух энергетических уровнях, уже показал высокую эффективность в диагностике состава уролитов. В обзоре рассматриваются основы метода и техники его проведения на различных томографах, приводится анализ имеющихся литературных данных о применении двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии в диагностике мочекаменной болезни для оценки химического состава уролитов. Также приводятся ограничения метода и возможные ошибки, возникающие при проведении двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии. С учетом проанализированных данных оценивается перспективность внедрения метода в диагностику уролитиаза.

Ключевые слова:
двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография, мочекаменная болезнь, химический состав, уролиты, dual-energy computed tomography, urinary stone disease, chemical composition, urinary stones

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Perspectives of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Diagnostic of Urinary Stone Disease for the Determination of Urinary Calculi Composition (Review)

Nephrolithiasis is a pandemic distributed disease that affects 4-20% of the population worldwide and is characterized by a high recurrence rate. Currently computed tomography without contrast remains the gold standard for diagnosis of urolithiasis because of its high accuracy to detect stones, their location and size. However, the modality has limited effectiveness in determination of urinary calculi chemical composition. Recently introduced imaging modality dual-energy computed tomography based on acquiring images at two different energy levels has showed high effectiveness in determination of urinary calculi composition. The review is focused on dual energy computed tomography principles and methods performed on different scanners. Recently published data on the application of this imaging modality in the diagnostic of urinary stone disease for calculi composition determination are analysed. The pitfalls of the method are reviewed. Future perspectives of this technique in urinary stone disease diagnosing will be discussed.

Keywords:
двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография, мочекаменная болезнь, химический состав, уролиты, dual-energy computed tomography, urinary stone disease, chemical composition, urinary stones