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Предикторы возникновения послеоперационной фибрилляции предсердий

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Цель обзора: изучить предикторы возникновения послеоперационной фибрилляции предсердий (ПОФП), эффективные способы прогнозирования и лечения по данным анализа мировых литературных данных. В настоящее время ПОФП считается одним из наиболее частых среди всех сердечно-сосудистых осложнений и развивается в 30-65% случаев у пациентов после операций на сердце. В последние десятилетия частота ПОФП постоянно увеличивалась, несмотря на достижения хирургии и анестезиологии. ПОФП является значимым осложнением, влияющим на течение послеоперационного периода и требующим особого внимания, так как приводит к более длительному пребыванию в стационаре, увеличивает затраты, необходимые для лечения пациентов данной категории, а также может привести к смерти. Учитывая последствия ПОФП, было проведено много исследований для выявления факторов, связанных с патофизиологией фибрилляции предсердий и позволяющих разрабатывать профилактические меры, направленные на лечение пациентов с повышенным риском, минимизировать побочные эффекты антиаритмических препаратов. Представлен обзор и анализ мировой литературы, посвященный причинам, профилактике и лечению ПОФП.

Ключевые слова:
кардиохирургия, послеоперационная фибрилляция предсердий, патофизиология, предикторы, объем левого предсердия, профилактика, лечение, cardiac surgery, postoperative atrial fibrillation, pathophysiology, predictors, left atrial volume, prevention, treatment

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Predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation

Review purpose: to study the occurrence predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation (PAF), effective predicting and treating methods according to global literature. Currently, PAF is considered one of the most frequent events among all cardiovascular complications as it develops in 30-65% of cases in patients after heart surgery. In recent decades, the PAF incidence has steadily increased despite advances in surgery and anesthesiology. PAF is a significant complication that affects the course of the postoperative period and requires special attention, since it leads to a longer hospital stay, increased treatment costs and can also lead to lethal outcomes in patients in this category. Considering PAF consequences, many studies have been performed to identify factors associated with the atrial fibrillation pathophysiology, to develop preventive measures aimed at treating high risk patients and minimize the side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. The review and analysis of the global literature on the PAF causes, prevention and treatment are presented.

Keywords:
кардиохирургия, послеоперационная фибрилляция предсердий, патофизиология, предикторы, объем левого предсердия, профилактика, лечение, cardiac surgery, postoperative atrial fibrillation, pathophysiology, predictors, left atrial volume, prevention, treatment